La Web 2.0 es la representacion de las aplicaciones tradicionales ha cia aplicaciones web enfocadas al usuario final. Se trata de aplicaciones que ganeren colaboracion y de servicios que reemplacen las aplicaciones de directorio. El termino surge de la coferencia que dio Dale Dougherty de O’Reilly Media en la que hablaba del renacimmiento y la evolucion de la web. Todavia existe un enorme desacuerdo con la definicion de web 2.0 y lo que este termino involucra y lo que queda fuera de el. La web 2.0 permiten que la organización y el flujo de la informacion dependan del comportamiento de las personas que accedan a ella. Con esto, el usuario puede clasificar los contenidos e incluso construir contenidos de esta web 2.0 que cuanta con herramientas mas faciles e intuitivas de usar. Es complicado dar una definicion acertada ya que este termino todavia esta en discusión. Por su parte O’Reilly define a la web 2.0 como: "plataforma que involucra todos los dispositivos conectados. Aplicaciones web 2.0 son las que aprovachan mejor las ventajas de esa plataforma, ofreciendo software como un servicio de actualzacion continua que mejora a la medida que la cantidad de usuarios aumenta...". Cuando se habla de web 2.0 como plataforma esto quiere decir que no tiene limites definidos, sino mas bien un nucleo gravitatorio. La web 2.0 no es algo concreto sino un conjunto de tecnologias y estilos...
Contenido dinámico (DHTML): Los famosos efectos especiales de fadein/fadeout (texto que aparece/desaparece mediante un degradado progresivo), ventanitas que se pueden colocar por la pantalla, editores wysiwyg, el texto sugerido, ...
Tecnología AJAX: Esta tecnología (que en realidad es a su vez un conjunto de ellas: Asynchronous Javascript And XML) supuso un cambio radical en la interactuación entre web y usuario.
En la Web 1.0, un usuario hace click en un enlace, espera a que se cargue una nueva página, y se le es mostrado el resultado. Sin embargo, con AJAX, es posible que al hacer click en un enlace (o cualquier elemento de la web), un objeto Javascript obtenga datos del servidor, y los muestre dinámicamente en la misma página que el usuario está visualizando, sin necesidad de cargar otra página.
Diseño: Ha de ser colorido, con sombras, reflejos, degradados, bordes redondeados, y a la vez simple...
Todo por el usuario: No hay clientes, sólo usuarios
Se usará publicidad no intrusiva (como Google AdSense)
El usuario no paga nunca
Redes sociales: Toda Web 2.0, es en realidad una pequeña comunidad de usuarios que interactúan entre sí. Por lo tanto, para que un proyecto Web 2.0 tenga éxito, debe conseguir crear una gran comunidad.
Intervención cero: el control de la web se deja exclusivamente en manos de los usuarios. La red social, y no el dueño de la web, es quien convierte en éxito a un proyecto Web 2.0.
En los últimos meses, en los medios impresos y en internet se habla cada vez más de weblogs (los ya conocidos diarios personales online, con comentarios y citas cruzadas a otros weblogs), se comparten juegos, vídeos o fotografías con familiares o amigos en sitios como Flickr o MySpace, se difunden noticias mediante podcasting (archivos de sonido que se descargan y se pueden escuchar y reproducir en cualquier momento), se coeditan de forma participativa enciclopedias online, como Wikipedia, se consultan o cuelgan anuncios clasificados en Craigslist o Loquo, se añaden textos o tags (la llamada folksonomia) a las fotografías, música, etc., que se cuelgan en la red, para que otros las puedan buscar en sitios web como del.icio.us, se suscriben los usuarios a agregadores de contenido, permitido por RSS, mediante el que los sitios comunican automáticamente sus actualizaciones a sus suscriptores, se utilizan procesadores de texto que recurren a internet como plataforma (Writely), etc.
Esta enorme actividad, esta marea de nuevos anglicismos, está cambiando el mundo de las telecomunicaciones, de los medios de comunicación, del marketing, del software, del entretenimiento,etc. Todo este nuevo conjunto de medios forma lo que algunos llaman la Web 2.0. La web 2.0 o "colaborativa" la cual se fundamenta básicamente en la idea de que un grupo de personas distintas colaboran para lograr un resultado común, agregando valor a los contenidos y enriqueciéndolos mediante el aporte de todos. Este es el concepto basico de la Wikipedia, por ejemplo. Alli, multitud de usuarios anónimos y no anónimos pueden editar, corregir y generar contenidos sobre los mas diversos temas. Además, los contenidos creados mediante estos sistemas se publican mediante las licencias de "Creative commons" por lo cual quedan práctimente si restricciones de uso para cualquier persona.Un principio dominante de la Web 2.0: el servicio mejora automáticamente cuanta más gente lo use . Mientras que Akamai debe agregar servidores para mejorar el servicio, cada consumidor de BitTorrent aporta sus propios recursos al grupo. El principio fundamental que se esconde detrás del éxito de los gigantes nacidos en la era de la Web 1.0 que han sobrevivido para liderar la era de la Web 2.0 parece ser éste, que han abrazado el poder de la web para explotar inteligencia colectiva.
Además de los blogs, hay muchas otras herramientas que han contribuido a dar especial notoriedad al cambio: las páginas de distribución de vídeos como YouTube; páginas de publicación de fotos como fl.ickr; proyectos de gestión de conocimiento como Wikipedia, espacios personales como MSN Spaces o MySpace, que a su vez une varios conceptos de los anteriores Los creadores de las distintas herramientas de distribución de contenido, conscientes del ingente volumen de información generado, han creado métodos para una selección natural del contenido: permitiendo al público contribuir, comentar, puntuar o recomendar; y al generador de contenido autocategorizarse mediante la creación de tags (palabras que describen el contenido) para facilitar su búsqueda.
Segun una encuasta realizada por el proyecto Spire del Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) del Reino Unido, entre las herramientas más usadas se encuentran la Wikipedia, los calendarios online –tanto el de Google como el de Yahoo! y el Outlook-, el MSN Messenger, los blogs, YouTube y los tradicionales foros. El portal Flickr, un caso muy conocido, sólo cuenta con un 30% de usuarios activos. En cuanto a YouTube, el porcentaje de usuarios activos es del 21%. Wikipedia dispone de un 13%. La red de favoritos del.icio.us cuenta con un 36,9% de usuarios activos.
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